See ()ŋaaj on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bahnar",
"lang_code": "bdq",
"sense": "pupil",
"word": "ngai"
}
],
"lang": "Bahnaric",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danaw",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sam-Loong",
"lang_code": "pll",
"word": "ငါည်"
}
],
"lang": "Shwe",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Palaung",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "La Gang",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Man Noi",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Plang",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Riang",
"lang_code": "ria"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Palaungic",
"lang_code": "mkh-pal-pro",
"sense": "eye",
"word": "*ˀŋaːj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chong",
"lang_code": "cog"
}
],
"lang": "Pearic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "ngươi"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Vietic",
"lang_code": "mkh-vie-pro",
"sense": "pupil",
"word": "*-ŋaːj"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "người"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese người",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pupil"
},
"expansion": "English pupil",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pupilla",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil, orphan"
},
"expansion": "Latin pupilla (“pupil, orphan”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόρη",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil, girl"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “pupil, girl”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "瞳",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil",
"tr": "hitomi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 瞳 (hitomi, “pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "瞳",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 瞳 (tóng, “pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ssf",
"2": "thau",
"3": "",
"4": "person, pupil"
},
"expansion": "Thao thau (“person, pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "tao",
"3": "",
"4": "human, person"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog tao (“human, person”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "مردم",
"3": "",
"4": "people, pupil",
"tr": "mardom"
},
"expansion": "Persian مردم (mardom, “people, pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *[]ŋaaj (Shorto, 2006, #1453)\nLikely related to what reconstructed as *[m]ŋaaj (“person, human being”) (Shorto, 2006), whence Vietnamese người. Compare English pupil, Latin pupilla (“pupil, orphan”), pupus (“boy, child”), Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “pupil, girl”), Japanese 瞳 (hitomi, “pupil”) and 人 (hito, “person, human”), Chinese 瞳 (tóng, “pupil”) and 童 (tóng, “child”), Thao thau (“person, pupil”), Tagalog tao (“human, person”) and balintataw (“pupil”), Persian مردم (mardom, “people, pupil”).\nThe sense \"face\" also appears in descendant languages, which is obviously secondary and derived from \"eye\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ŋaaj",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*()ŋaaj",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"lang_code": "mkh-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mon-Khmer/()ŋaaj",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eye"
],
"id": "en-()ŋaaj-mkh-pro-noun-R8IVtfcO",
"links": [
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mon-Khmer entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pupil"
],
"id": "en-()ŋaaj-mkh-pro-noun-B083BiVh",
"links": [
[
"pupil",
"pupil"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "()ŋaaj"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mon-Khmer entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mon-Khmer lemmas",
"Proto-Mon-Khmer nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bahnar",
"lang_code": "bdq",
"sense": "pupil",
"word": "ngai"
}
],
"lang": "Bahnaric",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danaw",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sam-Loong",
"lang_code": "pll",
"word": "ငါည်"
}
],
"lang": "Shwe",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Palaung",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "La Gang",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Man Noi",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Plang",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Riang",
"lang_code": "ria"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Palaungic",
"lang_code": "mkh-pal-pro",
"sense": "eye",
"word": "*ˀŋaːj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chong",
"lang_code": "cog"
}
],
"lang": "Pearic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "ngươi"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Vietic",
"lang_code": "mkh-vie-pro",
"sense": "pupil",
"word": "*-ŋaːj"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "người"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese người",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pupil"
},
"expansion": "English pupil",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pupilla",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil, orphan"
},
"expansion": "Latin pupilla (“pupil, orphan”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόρη",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil, girl"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “pupil, girl”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "瞳",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil",
"tr": "hitomi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 瞳 (hitomi, “pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "瞳",
"3": "",
"4": "pupil"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 瞳 (tóng, “pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ssf",
"2": "thau",
"3": "",
"4": "person, pupil"
},
"expansion": "Thao thau (“person, pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "tao",
"3": "",
"4": "human, person"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog tao (“human, person”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "مردم",
"3": "",
"4": "people, pupil",
"tr": "mardom"
},
"expansion": "Persian مردم (mardom, “people, pupil”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *[]ŋaaj (Shorto, 2006, #1453)\nLikely related to what reconstructed as *[m]ŋaaj (“person, human being”) (Shorto, 2006), whence Vietnamese người. Compare English pupil, Latin pupilla (“pupil, orphan”), pupus (“boy, child”), Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “pupil, girl”), Japanese 瞳 (hitomi, “pupil”) and 人 (hito, “person, human”), Chinese 瞳 (tóng, “pupil”) and 童 (tóng, “child”), Thao thau (“person, pupil”), Tagalog tao (“human, person”) and balintataw (“pupil”), Persian مردم (mardom, “people, pupil”).\nThe sense \"face\" also appears in descendant languages, which is obviously secondary and derived from \"eye\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ŋaaj",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*()ŋaaj",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"lang_code": "mkh-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mon-Khmer/()ŋaaj",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"eye"
],
"links": [
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pupil"
],
"links": [
[
"pupil",
"pupil"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "()ŋaaj"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ()ŋaaj meaning in All languages combined (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.